Peleg Sprague (December 10, 1756 – April 20, 1800) was a politician from the U.S. state of New Hampshire.
Sprague was born in Rochester in the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1785, and commenced practice in Winchendon, Massachusetts.
Sprague was elected as a Federalist Party to the 5th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Jeremiah Smith, serving from December 15, 1797, to March 3, 1799.
Sprague died in Keene, New Hampshire, and was interred there in the Washington Street Cemetery.