Pengkalan Kempas Historical Complex

The three most remarked upon megaliths have been likened in shape respectively to a rudder, a spoon, and a sword, and are situated closely together in a row.

The Jawi inscription includes the date 872 in the Islamic calendar, approximately 1467, and also notes that this was during the rule of Mansur Shah.

Keramat Sungai Udang held cultural significance for nearby communities, having been a location where oaths were sworn.

Today, it is a registered natural heritage site of Malaysia, and is operated as a megalithic museum, containing the original tomb and stones as well as others brought from elsewhere.

[2][3]: 94  It is located on the outskirts of the small town of Pengkalan Kempas, itself 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the nearby city of Port Dickson.

Close to this tomb are a variety of megaliths, including the three most prominent (the "rudder", "spoon", and "sword"), which are grouped together off to one side.

[3]: 97 In the Pengkalan Kempas site, there is a prominent grouping of granite megaliths including three large menhirs thought to resemble a rudder (kemudi), spoon (sudu/payung), and kris sword (pedang/keris).

Carved into the "sword" stone is another sun, various decorative geometric elements, and the word "Allah" in the Jawi script.

Given the presence of the word Allah in raised stone, it is likely that the "sword" megalith, at least, is no older than the arrival of Islam, likely being carved in the fifteenth century.

[6]: 9–10  The presence of other features on the "sword" stone indicates that, assuming the word Allah was not added later through the unlikely scenario of an existing area of rock being carved down to form the raised words, that animist and Hindu artistic elements continued to be carved after the arrival of Islam.

[3]: 97  The names of the three main menhirs come from local tradition, explained as being the sword, spoon, and rudder of the buried saint.

[3]: 96–97 A prominent part of the site is a tomb which is dedicated to a Sheikh Ahmad Majnun (or Ahmat Majanu), who per the inscriptions was an Islamic missionary who preached in the Malacca Sultanate.

Keramat Sungai Udang was the site of the first dedicated research on Malaysian megaliths, with excavations carried out in 1919.

[9] This research was carried out by I. H. N. Evans, who reported that the shrine was only discovered by locals "some two or three generations ago", based on discussions with older members of the community.

[5]: 172 Although the records are unclear, and mostly focused on the three most prominent menhirs, in 1919 there were probably at least 15 other large carved stones scattered around the site, along with others which may have been undecorated.

[5]: 155  At this time, the natural forest in the area had already been replaced by rubber plantations, mostly run by ethnic Chinese and Malays.

[5]: 156  A separate group of stones which lay away from the tomb, including one large menhir, was damaged by a Chinese rubber worker.

[6]: 1  In 1927, Pieter Vincent van Stein Callenfels [nl] made the first transcription of the Kawi inscriptions, and translated their meaning as suggesting the buried individual was executed after attempting to assassinate Mansur Shah.

In 1931, Richard James Wilkinson proposed that Ahmad Majnun was killed unintentionally along with some tribesmen by a local noble, linking the event to a story about Sungai Ujong [ms] in the Malay Annals, thus reframing the supposed treason as the view of the local noble rather than the Sultan.

If true, this would suggest the tombstone was originally part of a larger structure that covered the sides later used for the Jawi inscriptions, possibly at a different location.

The Jawi inscriptions may have been added at a later funeral, for which the tombstone was moved and repurposed as historical memory shifted the individual from being a warrior to being a respected saint.

[6]: 8  It is not known why the current location was chosen for the tomb; it may be related to Ahmad Majnun, or may have been an existing holy site, as reflected by the presence of the megaliths.

Map of the Port Dickson district showing Pengkalan Kempas towards the east
Pengkalan Kempas is in the southeast of the Linggi mukim of the Port Dickson District
A cluster of stones dominated by three prominent vertical stones, of which the left and right have obvious carvings
The "rudder" (left), "spoon" (middle), and "sword" (right) stones
A rectangular stone tomb where the stones are held in place with cement
The tomb of Sheikh Ahmad Majnun, viewed from the direction of the "shield" stone, with the inscribed tombstone at the far end
Fallen menhirs surrounded by vegetation
The site in 1919, prior to restoration
Drawing outlining each stone part of and near the tomb
The positions of the stones on and around the tomb in 1919
Stone tomb where the pillars on top have clearly subsided and leaned over time
The tomb in 1919, prior to restoration