Peter Erne Baume, AC (born 30 January 1935) is a retired Australian doctor and politician.

After leaving school he completed his national service as a medical orderly at RAAF Base Richmond.

Baume worked in private practice as a gastroenterologist and physician at Royal North Shore Hospital before entering parliament.

As a backbencher he chaired the Senate Standing Committee on Social Welfare, which produced two reports: "Drug problems in Australia—an intoxicated society?"

[3][6] In 1987 when Baume was Shadow Minister for the Status of Women he contravened Liberal Party policy by voting for a bill giving equal employment opportunity in some government-owned bodies.

Baume was Professor of Community Medicine at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) from 1991 to 2000 and studied euthanasia, drug policy and evaluation.

[5] Baume was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia in January 1992 in recognition of service to the Australian Parliament.

[11] The ANU 'Peter Baume Award', recognises "eminent achievement and merit of the highest order".