[1] Miller, born Henrietta Myers, was raised in Hanover, Pennsylvania where her family owned a horse farm.
[2] She attended the Arlington Hall Junior School for Women after which she studied painting Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.
[2] In 1934, Miller traveled to Europe where she met Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, and Juan Miró.
[3] She took his last name and began signing her work using the name Peter Miller to avoid disclosing her gender.
Their ranch in Española bordered the San Ildefonso Pueblo which was inhabited by the Tewa people.