Until the late 16th century, London citizens were reliant for their water supplies on water from either the River Thames, its tributaries, or one of around a dozen natural springs, including the spring at Tyburn which was connected by lead pipe to a large cistern or tank (then known as a Conduit): the Great Conduit in Cheapside.
After an impressive demonstration of the power of his pump (he forced a jet of water over the spire of the Church of St Magnus near London Bridge), he was granted a 500-year lease, at an annual rent of just 10 shillings,[2] on one arch, despite opposition from the city's water carriers.
Initially, water was lifted to the conduit house in Leadenhall, but was later extended to other areas of the city.
[1] "These water-works, a cumbrous-looking structure of wood, stood on the Middlesex side of the Thames, adjoining the bridge, and near the site of Fishmongers' Hall steam-boat pier.
The New River Company purchased all London Bridge Waterworks rights and leases for an annuity of £3750, to continue 200 years.