It was located six miles southeast of Hallettsville on Farm to Market Road 2616 on the east bank of the Lavaca River.
Petersburg was a crossroads for early Texians at the intersection of the San Felipe-Gonzales-San Antonio and the Victoria-Columbus roads.
Between the fire and new construction county business was held in various buildings or under the trees, and prisoners were locked in barns or private homes.
It required arms to secure the county archives from the citizens of Petersburg.
The final building on the site in 1963 was a home which was built with the old post oak lumber from the Petersburg courthouse.