Born in New York City, he was educated at the African Free School[1] and became politically active at the 1832 Colored Convention.

He began his newspaper career with for William Lloyd Garrison's anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator[1] and became an outspoken voice on a variety of social and political of issues of the day including abolition, suffrage, and the protection of fugitive slaves.

In 1860, he moved to San Francisco where he became co-editor of the African-American newspaper The Pacific Appeal.

After the Civil War he founded and edited The San Francisco Elevator during the Reconstruction Era.

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