Dimitrov was active in the Union of Democratic Forces, a broad coalition against the rule of the Bulgarian Communist Party.

His government was the first since that time with no Communist participation.He remained in office until losing a vote of confidence that he called in the late fall of 1992.

Under his administration, observance of human rights became an irrevocable legal and ethical norm and previous ethnic tensions and abuses were eliminated.

His government abolished the restrictions to private initiative and started establishing a free market system, which literally changed most Bulgarian cities within half a year.

His government made possible the swift restitution of citizenship and property rights for all Jewish Bulgarian emigrants (see also Jews in Bulgaria).

In January through June 2007 he was a member of the European Parliament and Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs.

His inability to compromise led to vetoing his candidacy both for President (fall of 2006) and Leader of the list of candidates for the European parliament (spring of 2007).

In the fall of 2007, he was rejected by the government as a candidate for the position of Judge at the European Court of Human Rights (Strasbourg).

Since 2004 Dimitrov has been a Member of the Club of Madrid,[3] an independent non-profit organization composed of 88 democratic former Presidents and Prime Ministers from 58 different countries.