Philip Rootes Thompson (March 26, 1766 – July 27, 1837) was an 18th-century and 19th-century politician and lawyer from Virginia.

Born near Fredericksburg in the Colony of Virginia, Thompson was educated by private teachers as a child.

He graduated from the College of William and Mary, studied law and was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in Fairfax, Virginia.

He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1793 to 1797 and was elected a Democratic-Republican to the United States House of Representatives in 1800, serving from 1801 to 1807.

This article about a member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia is a stub.