Phthanophaneron harveyi, the Gulf flashlightfish, is a species of saltwater fish of the family Anomalopidae.

"[2] It was named "harveyi" after American zoologist and leading bioluminescence authority Edmund Newton Harvey.

[5] Oblong body; Large head, bones of the head and shoulder girdle are sculptured with numerous spine-bearing ridges; Broad ridges and skin separate the sensory canals at the top of the head; short and blunt snout; oblique mouth, moderately sized; teeth small and conical; large eye that is wider than the snout; only one papilla is found behind the eye; dorsal fin is in two parts; caudal fin deeply forked; small and rough scales; approximately 80 in longitudinal series on upper side; row of 12-13 enlarged and keeled scales.

Blackish-brown with no reflective markings on body; prominent pearly white luminous organ under eye[6] Phthanophaneron harveyi is found only in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Baja California.

[4] Due to being data deficient, little is known about Phthanophaneron harveyi although it is unique and cannot be confused with other species.