The site was discovered around 1910 by Argentine naturalist Florentino Ameghino, who wrote the first detailed anthropological study of Argentina, La antigüedad del hombre en el Plata (The Antiquity of Man in the Río de la Plata Basin), in 1878.
[1] The site, located 250 km (150 mi) from Pico Truncado, in Deseado Department (Santa Cruz Province), is among the oldest archaeological remains uncovered in the Americas.
Its discoveries included spear heads that contained traces of Mylodon and Hippidion, among other animals known to have been extinct since at least 10000 BC.
[1] Piedra Museo, like Pedra Furada (Brazil), Monte Verde (Chile), Topper, and the Meadowcroft Rockshelter (United States), in turn have led to alternative theories to that of the "Clovis First" hypothesis on the settlement of the Americas (the assumption, based on lacking evidence to the contrary, that the Clovis culture was the first in the Western Hemisphere).
[2] Fossils from Piedra Museo, as well as artifacts and petroglyphs from the nearby Los Toldos site, are housed in the Pico Truncado Regional Museum of History.