Pilmatueia is a diplodocoid sauropod belonging to the family Dicraeosauridae that lived in Argentina during the Early Cretaceous.

The genus name refers to the Pilmatué locality, and the species epithet recognizes Ramón Faúndez, manager of the Museo Municipal de Las Lajas, who supported the excavation project.

[1] Other dicraeosaurid fossils have been found in the Mulichinco Formation, including a femur[1] and a natural cranial endocast,[5] and it is possible that they also belong to Pilmatueia faundezi.

[4] The posterior dorsal vertebrae show an autapomorphic pair of deep fossae near the bases of the neural spines.

[10][11][4] Windholz et al. argued that, while phylogenetic analyses do not currently provide clear resolution for its affinities, on chronological and biogeographic grounds it is most likely to belong to a clade uniting the South American dicraeosaurids.

[4] Pilmatueia lived in what is now Argentina during the Valanginian age of the Cretaceous, and is a member of the Bajadan faunal assemblage.