[17] Male grievance culture is a common feature in mass shooters, according to a study which examined their motivations in the intersection of white entitlement, middle-class instability, and heterosexual masculinity.
The study's author, Leigh Paterson, wrote that such murderers may be highly motivated by "white male grievance culture".
[18][19] Columnist Michael Gerson argues that in American politics, the Republican Party has been "swiftly repositioned as an instrument of white grievance.
Highly visible advances of certain minorities, such as the first Black president and the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice, also took place in this period.
[21]: 2 Sociologist Bart Bonikowski argues that ethno-nationalist populism is often based on stirring up resentment against "elites, immigrants, and ethnic, racial and religious minorities".