[1] In 1517, a series of violent actions took place in the region, and the village of Pena, situated between Santiago de Rubiás and Vilar, was burned by a Portuguese raiding force.

On the Galician side, Pedro Sival, a meiriño (local official) from the House of Monterrei.

[1] In 1518, the inhabitants of Couto Misto sought support from the Count of Monterrei, hoping to resist Portuguese invasions.

However, the dynamics of the region began to change, as negotiations slowly brought the Couto Misto's sovereignty into question.

[3] The final act of subjugation came in 1868, when the Treaty of Lisbon was signed, dividing the land between Portugal and Spain.