Potamonautes perlatus is found in South Africa, particularly in the Cape Province.

It is doubtful that this is a serious problem in professionally engineered dams, but there may be occasional damage to small farming earthworks.

Possibly because of its being primarily a river crab, when it lives in farm dams without direct connection to a stream, it has a tendency to migrate out of a dam during rainy periods, especially at night.

It is not clear that losses from this habit reduce its numbers however, as its populations in stable dams seem to remain indefinitely.

Ecologically the species often is quite important, as it is a detritus shredder, a predator of small fish and amphibians, and a major prey item for large fish, otters, aquatic reptiles, and various other animals.