Potaninia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rosaceae.

[1] It only contains one known species, Potaninia mongolica Maxim.

[1] The genus name of Potaninia is in honour of Grigory Potanin (1835–1920), a Russian ethnographer and natural historian.

[2] The Latin specific epithet of mongolica means "coming from of Mongolia", where the plant was found.

[3] Both the genus and the species were first described and published in Bull.