[5] Researchers have found that a desire for quality (rather than profits) is associated with professional identification.
[7] In one notable study, practicing physicians viewed administrators with medical degrees (e.g., the M.D.)
as “outsiders” to the medical profession because of what the physicians believed to be the administrators’ undue emphasis on organizational goals (Hoff, 1999: 336).
[5] Professional identity begins to form while individuals gain their educational training for their profession.
[10] For over 50 years, researchers have studied whether professional employees' social identities influence their work behaviors.