It usually extends from bow to stern, on both sides, and includes areas open to the outside, resulting in a continuous outside walkway suitable for promenading (i.e., walking), thus the name.
On modern cruise ships with superstructures as high and broad as the hull, the promenade deck is often largely enclosed, with railing-lined "cutouts" and wooden decking to recall the old days.
Many cruise ships and cruiseferries built by Aker Finnyards and its predecessor Kvaerner Masa-Yards have a wide, multi-deck promenade running along the center-line of the ship through most of the superstructure, also referred to as a horizontal atrium.
This allows the majority of cabins on the upper decks to have a window, either to the port or starboard side or to the promenade.
This was notably carried onto the Voyager-class, Freedom-class and the Oasis-class cruise ships operated by Royal Caribbean International, where it is referred to as the Royal Promenade.