Extant genera: Aboilomimus Cyphoderris Paracyphoderris Prophalangopsis Tarragoilus The family Prophalangopsidae are insects belonging to the order Orthoptera.

The earliest fossils of the family date to the Early Jurassic around 200 million years ago, and the family exhibited great diversity between the Middle Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous, with their fossil record after that time being sparse.

[1] The closest living relatives to the Prophalangopsidae are the family Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush-crickets), but the evolutionary split occurred more than 230 million years ago in the Permian.

[4] Haglidae is often used as a synonym of the family,[5] but is used to refer to a distinct grouping of extinct hagloids by paleontologists.

[6] The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:[7] Archibald, Gu, and Mathewes (2022) removed the genera †Albertoilus and †Palaeorehnia from the family, moving them to a revised †Palaeorehniidae which they considered unplaced as to superfamily.