[2] It has an area of 3,233 square kilometres (1,248 sq mi) and a total population of about 344,000 in 36 comuni (sg.

[2] Towards the end of the 11th century, the settlement grew again into a city, despite being located near the powerful nations of Siena and Florence.

Its location led to its ownership changing repeatedly; Florence owned the province after the Battle of Campaldino, later lost authority over it, and then annexed it again in 1384.

[2] Florence possessed the province until 1859, when Tuscany was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia during the Risorgimento.

The province is in close proximity to Camaldoli, ancestral seat of the Camaldolese monks.