It has an area of 2,437 square kilometres (941 sq mi), and a total population of 581,092 (2017).

[2] The coat of arms of the province contains a scorpion, which Pyrrhus is thought to have seen when looking down at Taranto.

[4] The scorpion on the city's coat of arms may have been used as its emblem in ancient times,[5] on the suggestion of Pyrrhus of Epirus, who was an ally of Taranto in a war against Rome: the scorpion is shown lying on its back with three lilies, holding the crown of the Principality of Taranto between its claws.

Pyrrhus, who was king of Epirus, looked down on the city from the hills that surround it and had the idea that its shape was like the figure of a scorpion.

This emblem has also been seen as a psychological deterrent to the city's enemies, who came to look on Magna Graecia as being as dangerous as a scorpion.