The name "Puding" (普定; Pǔdìng) can be traced back to the Mongolian-rule Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), when in 1257, after the Mongolian army went to conquest southwest China, the imperial court set up a "Fu" named "Puding" in the area.

In 755, the An Lushan Rebellion broke out, then the past decades of internal fighting had weakened the Tang Empire.

In 1381, in the ruling of Hongwu Emperor (1368–1398) of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Puding Castle was founded and it came under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Dusi (四川都司).

In 1438, in the 3rd year of Zhengtong era (1436–1449), Puding County was under the administration of Guizhou Dusi (贵州都司).

During the reign of Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Puding County belonged to Anshun Prefecture (安顺府).

After the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912, Puding County was briefly revoked but immediately restored in the following year.

In 1914, some areas of Anshun, Zhenning, Langdai, Zhijin and Pingba were merged into Puding County.

Provincial Highway S209 travels through central Puding County and intersects with S55 Anshunxi Ring Expressway in the town of Baiyan.