Pulp stone

Initial calcification occurs around the central nidus and extends outward with regular calcified material in a concentric or radial manner.

A defence reaction in the pulpodentinal complex may be triggered by caries and microleakage around restorations which lead to pulp calcifications.

The other reported etiologic factors also include: Pulp stones can be classified based on different location and structure.

On the other hand, false pulp stones are made up of concentric layers of mineralised tissue around blood thrombi, collagen fibres, or dying and dead cells.

As for irregular calcifications without laminations, pulp stones may have the shape of rods or leaves and the surface is rough.

It is presumed that epithelial remnants are able to induce adjacent mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into odontoblasts.

[9] Several genetic diseases such as dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta are also accompanied by pulpal calcifications and hence, Marfan syndrome was suspected to be in association with pulp stones due to abnormal dentin formation, leading to the increased frequency of pulpal calcifications in these individuals.

[9] Pulpal calcifications can be developed throughout the life and prevalence rates from 8–9% in worldwide population had been reported in studies.

Pulp stones generally do not have significant clinical implications as they are usually not a source of pain, discomfort or any form of pulpitis.