Any gradient is identified by four characteristics: axis, strength, shape and duration.
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) techniques are key to magnetic resonance imaging, spatially selective spectroscopy and studies of diffusion via diffusion ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY).
[1][2] PFG techniques are widely used as an alternative to phase cycling in modern NMR spectroscopy.
The effect of a uniform magnetic field gradient in the z-direction on spin I, is considered to be a rotation around z-axis by an angle = γIGz; where Gz is the gradient magnitude (along the z-direction) and γI is the gyromagnetic ratio of spin I.
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