[1] Puppy play is defined as "a sociosexual activity wherein 1 or more participants take on the mannerisms, behavior, and attitudes of a dog – often facilitated by the wearing of specialist ‘gear’".
Not all "pups" or "dogs" are "alpha", some consider themselves "beta" or "omega", and as in the canine world hierarchy, "beta" can refer to someone who has both dominant and submissive or service oriented tendencies depending on the situation where "omega" generally indicates a more submissive, passive, service oriented and playful nature.
[clarification needed][9] Other elements rooted in BDSM play involve bondage and restriction with collars, leashes, kneepads (for knee protection), harnesses, rubber suits, hoods (not needed but sometimes helps to assist with headspace and self identity) and mitts (for hand protection as well as finger usage restriction).
Both sexual and non-sexual services are options that occur in the scene and should be discussed by the participants (pup / handler, beta / alpha, etc.)
The survey gathered data from various social media platforms popular with pups, including Twitter, Facebook, Telegram, and WhatsApp.