Qixiong ruqun

[8] This form of high-waist skirt which ties to the chest can still be seen in the chima worn in present days Korean women's hanbok;[9][10] it is also likely that the current women's hanbok has been derived from the Tang dynasty's high-waisted skirt with a short ru (襦) or from a later revival of the Tang dynasty fashion.

Prior to the Putong period (520–527 AD) of the Liang dynasty, the waistline of the women's ruqun were located at the waist.

[15] During the Sui dynasty and Tang dynasty, blouses were generally worn as short ru (襦); banbi (半臂) (i.e. short-sleeved upper garment)and pibo (an accessory which looked like a long shawl) both constituted an integral part of ruqun at the time.

[2] During the High Tang period, women were less constrained by feudal ideas and wore clothing which would allowed the exposure of cleavage.

[16] When the skirt (qun, 裙), ru (襦), and pibo (披帛) are paired together, the woman's grace and temperament in the Tang dynasty were fully presented, showing a poetic beauty and rhythm.

The styles of qixiong ruqun with shoulder straps are often found in pottery figurines or paintings unearthed before the Tang dynasty.

The ru (襦) neckline varied, and the most popular one was daxiushan (大袖衫), which was full of the spirit of the people's ideological emancipation during the Tang dynasty.

For example, the famous picture Court Ladies Preparing Newly Woven Silk in the heyday of the Tang dynasty shows similar costumes.

[4] The modern qixiong ruqun is controversial due to the rarity of unearthed historical clothing.

[23] The modern qixiong ruqun which is found on the current market comes into two forms: The former is well accepted as being an authentic shape as such form of skirt was unearthed in archeological findings; thus proving the correctness of the one-piece style qixiong ruqun whereas the latter is controversial as it is a style which (so far) can only be found in ancient paintings, such as the Tang dynasty "A palace concert" painting.

[23] It is presented as two pieces of fabric incompletely sewn together on the side to form a rear and a front section and with two sets of ties.

[25] During the Tang dynasty, Central Asian women also were depicted wearing Han Chinese style clothing.

[25] After the fall of the Tang dynasty, the Tang-style Han Chinese clothing continued to be worn in the Liao.

[28]In Silla, the clothing of Korean women were influenced by the fashion of the Tang dynasty due to the cultural interactions.

[29] Some clay figures found in that period shows the high-waist line skirt worn over the jacket and appears to have shoulder straps attached to it.

[29] Under the Tang dynasty influence, the skirts in Silla were similarly worn at chest-level and was tied with long ribbons.

[8] Some excavated Balhae relics show that women in Balhae wore a narrow sleeved blouse with low cut neckline under a long skirt which was tied above the bust,[8] which is a typical form of clothing style of Tang dynasty.

[31] This form of high-waisted skirt which ties to the chest can still be seen in the chima worn in the modern days Korean women's hanbok.

Ruqun consists of a ru (襦) and a skirt (qun, 裙; also known as Chang, 裳), it is a typical upper and lower garment system.

Hezi can be seen in ancient Chinese frescoes and cultural relics, for example, the famous Dunhuang (敦煌) Mural.

Pibo evolved from a long shawl, and later gradually became a ribbon between the arms, this is the typical costume of ancient Chinese ladies.

Women's clothing styles in the middle and late Tang dynasty tend to be more and more loose and elegant, so most of them are decorated with pibo.

Qixiong ruqun has been depicted in films and television series, including Curse of the Golden Flower (2006), Jumong (2006), Queen Seondeok (2009), The Empress of China (2014),[36][37] Wu Xin: The Monster Killer (2015),[38] The Story of Minglan (2018),[38] The Longest Day in Chang'an (2019),[38] The Untamed (2019), Court Lady (2021) and The Long Ballad (2021).

Women wearing early forms of Qixiong ruqun with shoulder straps, Northern Qi (550-577 AD).
Qixiong ruqun with shoulder straps, Tang dynasty, 8th century
How to wear the qixiong ruqun.
Buddhist donors in T'ang costume, Mo-kao Cave
Dunhuang mural flying apsarasa
court ladies adorning their hair with flowers