It was located on land to the south side of the Farnborough Airfield in Hampshire, and was successor to the wartime RAF Physiological Laboratory.
Initially having separate sections for acceleration, altitude, biochemistry, biophysics, personal equipment and teaching, its mandate was to conduct both pure and applied research in support of flying personnel.
Initially run by Dr Bryan Matthews, Group Captain Bill Stewart was appointed head in 1946.
A former pupil of the Hamilton Academy school, Stewart was to be promoted to Air Vice-Marshal, and awarded CB and CBE.
The IAM ceased to exist in 1994, when many research staff and facilities were transferred to the DERA Centre for Human Sciences.