R and W Hawthorn

Robert Hawthorn first began business at Forth Bank Works in 1817, building marine and stationary steam engines.

These could be viewed as the forerunners of the Garratt locomotive, with the boiler carried on a separate carriage to the cylinders and valvegear.

They continued to build more conventional engines, possibly under sub-contract, among them, three for the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway.

[8] Also, in the quest for a low centre of gravity, four 0-4-0s with the drivers spaced at twelve feet (144 in; 3,658 mm) apart connected to the cylinders by a dummy crankshaft.

[9] In 1861, Hawthorns supplied an 0-4-0WT locomotive, works number 244, to the Howe Bridge Colliery in Lancashire.

Named Ellesmere, it continued in use at the colliery until 1957, when it was the oldest working steam engine in Britain.