Rachel Bernstein Wischnitzer (German: Rahel Wischnitzer-Bernstein), (April 14, 1885 – November 20, 1989) was a Russian-born architect and art historian.

Wischnitzer was born into a middle-class Jewish family in Minsk, in Russian Empire, the daughter of Wladimir and Sophie (Halpern) Bernstein.

She went on to study architecture in Brussels, at the Academie Nationale des Beaux-Arts,[1] and in 1907 graduated from the École Spéciale d'Architecture in Paris, one of the first women to receive a degree in that field.

[1] In 1912 Rachel (Bernstein) married Mark Wischnitzer (1882–1955), a sociologist and historian, who was one of the editors of the Russian-language edition of the Jewish Encyclopedia (Evreiskaia entsiklopediia), where her first writings on synagogue architecture and ceremonial objects were published.

[1] Now in her fifties, Wischnitzer returned to formal academic study at the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University, where she earned a master's degree in 1944.