Rafael Peña de Flores (23 October 1822 – 28 June 1901) was a Bolivian lawyer, teacher, naturalist, and politician who served as the 11th vice president of Bolivia from 1896 to 1899.

[1] In late 1865, he led a popular revolt against the military government of Mariano Melgarejo which ended in virtual disaster and his exile and asylum in Paraguay, a country at war with neighboring powers at the time.

Both, along with second vice presidential candidate Jenaro Sanjinés, won the election taking office on 19 August 1896.

[2] Upon the outbreak of the Federal War, which saw the end of almost two decades of Conservative rule, Peña exercised the acting presidency while Fernández commanded the army.

Ultimately, the Conservatives were ousted from government by the Liberal forces of José Manuel Pando on 12 April 1889.