Rafail Borisovich Farbman (Russian: Рафаи́л Бори́сович Фа́рбман, Ukrainian: Рафаіл Борисович Фарбман; 1893–1966) was a revolutionary Bolshevik and Soviet politician.

From January through March 1920 he acted as a secretary of the central committee in the absence of Stanislav Kosior.

Later in 1920 Farbman moved to Moscow where he headed a city department of People's Education.

On December 18, 1927, Farbman was excluded from the Communist Party as a member of the United Opposition on a decision of the 15th Congress of the CPSU, but in 1932 he was reinstated.

In 1930-35 Farbman worked as a deputy chief of the Trust Administration "Rudmetalltorg"[1][2] (Metal-ore trade).