Mustafa Rahmi Arslan (1874–1947) was a Turkish politician, who was a prominent member of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP).

[4] Rahmi Arslan was born into a wealthy family in Selanik and attended primary school in his hometown.

[5] During World War I, he acted as the Governor of Izmir, and resisted attempts to Islamize the city, even at great risk to his own safety.

[6][5] He was arrested by the Allied forces in January 1919,[7] and later one of the Malta exiles prosecuted for crimes committed during World War I.

[5] Following his return to Turkey, he was accused of having been involved in an assassination attempt against Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) in 1926.