Raja radula

[4] The subcircular body has a short, curved snout, anterior edges are convex and the extremities are angular wings.

The main upper surface colors are light brown and grey, with darker spots and lines.

[8] This species inhabits coastal areas, between 2 and 300m depth on sandy or muddy bottoms of the continental shelf.

Reproductive migration is common in elasmobranchs, as a consequence, they occupy different niches that may result in diet diversification.

Some pelagic species are found in their stomach content even if their morphology suggests that they can not prey on the water column.

[11][12] They are considered as specialized secondary consumers but with sufficient plasticity in the diet to adapt their consumption in the function of the preys available in the environment.

Like many other rays, R. radula presents an oviparous reproduction strategy, meaning that parents produce offspring by laying eggs.

Rays usually present a swimming mode, where the thrust generation involves the passing of undulatory waves (from anterior to posterior) along with the enlarged pectoral fins.

Even if this species is not exploited or traded commercially, it is classified as Endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List.

[1] Indeed, the greatest threat to this species is the by-catch[19] in demersal trawl, gillnet, trammel net, bottom longline, and purse seine fisheries.

This bycatch occurs when fishing for cuttlefish, spiny lobster, red mullet, grouper, and Sparidae[20] mainly.

Raja radula distribution (in red). [ 6 ]
Raja radula on rocky bottoms.
Specimen held by a person.