Sobhi began his career with the leading Egyptian club Ahly SC of Cairo, making his professional debut in February 2014.

He established himself in the first team at the Cairo International Stadium and helped Al Ahly to win the Egyptian Premier League title in the 2013–14 and 2015–16 campaigns.

His performances attracted the attention of European clubs, and in July 2016, he joined English side Stoke City for a fee of £5 million.

After progressing through the youth ranks at Cairo club Al Ahly, Sobhi made his professional debut at the age of 17 on 6 February 2014, in a 2013–14 Egyptian Premier League match against Ghazl El Mahalla under the management of Mohamed Youssef.

[3] In April 2014 he took part in the Sheikh Zayed friendly tournament in the UAE with Al Ahly-U17s, and attracted the attentions of Spanish club Atlético Madrid.

[5] On 28 June 2014 he started the decisive championship play-off match against city rivals, Zamalek and helped his team to a 1–0 victory.

[11] He became a regular under Juan Garrido and his performances in 2014–15 attracted the attentions of European clubs, including Arsenal, RB Leipzig, Roma, Sampdoria and Udinese.

[27] He made his first assist for Stoke on 31 October 2016 in a 3–1 win against Swansea City as his cross was deflected in by Alfie Mawson for an own goal.

[41] He struggled to impress David Wagner and only made four appearances for the Terriers before returning in Egyptian football in January 2019.

On 29 March, he scored his first international goal at the top level in a 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification game against Nigeria.