Randolph is a town in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States.

Randolph is on the west border of the county, roughly halfway between the cities of Salamanca and Jamestown.

The first settler was Edmund Fuller, who arrived from Oneida County in 1820 and built a log cabin.

On March 7, 1826, citizens assembled for their first annual meeting to select the town supervisor and other officials.

In 2010, the citizens of both villages voted to dissolve the incorporation, and they reverted to being hamlets within the town, with part of East Randolph becoming once again part of the town of Conewango, effective 2011.

The Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) crosses the town, with access from Exits 15 and 16.

New York State Route 241 is a highway in the northeast part of the town, and New York State Route 394 is an east-west highway in the northern part of the town.

25.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.