Raphael Mitchel Robinson (November 2, 1911 – January 27, 1995[1]) was an American mathematician.

Born in National City, California, Robinson was the youngest of four children of a lawyer and a teacher.

His Ph.D. thesis, on complex analysis, was titled Some results in the theory of Schlicht functions.

Robinson's work on undecidability culminated in his coauthoring Tarski et al. (1953), which established, among other things, the undecidability of group theory, lattice theory, abstract projective geometry, and closure algebras.

Robinson worked in number theory, even employing very early computers to obtain results.