Rated voting

Condorcet methods Positional voting Cardinal voting Quota-remainder methods Approval-based committees Fractional social choice Semi-proportional representation By ballot type Pathological response Strategic voting Paradoxes of majority rule Positive results Rated, evaluative,[1][2] graded,[1] or cardinal voting rules are a class of voting methods that allow voters to state how strongly they support a candidate,[3] by giving each one a grade on a separate scale.

the percentage of voters who assign them a particular score—is called their merit profile.

Since rated methods allow the voters to express how strongly they support a candidate, these methods are not covered by Arrow's impossibility theorem,[5] and their resistance to the spoiler effect becomes a more complex matter.

For example: However, other rated voting methods have a spoiler effect no matter what scales the voters use: In addition, there are many different proportional cardinal rules, often called approval-based committee rules.

Psychological research has shown that cardinal ratings (on a numerical or Likert scale, for instance) convey more information than ordinal rankings in measuring human opinion.

A theoretical ballot with the instructions "Rate each between negative ten and ten." There are five options, each one with a number corresponding to it. The numbers, from top to bottom, are seven, ten, negative three, zero, and ten.
On a rated ballot, the voter may rate each choice independently.
A theoretical ballot with the instructions "Vote for any number of options." Two choices are marked, three are not. There is no difference between the markings.
An approval voting ballot does not require ranking or exclusivity.
A scan of a real ballot that was already marked, with instructions to mark each candidate from A to F, where A is best. Spaces left blank are considered as F. The options from top to bottom are Eleanor Roosevelt, graded C, Cesar Chavez, graded B, Walter Lum, graded C, John Hancock, graded F, Martin Luther King Jr, graded B, and Nancy Reagan, graded A.
A majority judgment ballot is based on grades like those used in schools.