Rated voting

Condorcet methods Positional voting Cardinal voting Quota-remainder methods Approval-based committees Fractional social choice Semi-proportional representation By ballot type Pathological response Strategic voting Paradoxes of majority rule Positive results Rated, evaluative,[1][2] graded,[1] or cardinal voting rules are a class of voting methods that allow voters to state how strongly they support a candidate,[3] by giving each one a grade on a separate scale.

the percentage of voters who assign them a particular score—is called their merit profile.

Since rated methods allow the voters to express how strongly they support a candidate, these methods are not covered by Arrow's impossibility theorem,[5] and their resistance to the spoiler effect becomes a more complex matter.

For example: However, other rated voting methods have a spoiler effect no matter what scales the voters use: In addition, there are many different proportional cardinal rules, often called approval-based committee rules.

Psychological research has shown that cardinal ratings (on a numerical or Likert scale, for instance) convey more information than ordinal rankings in measuring human opinion.