Razia Banu was born in the District of Dacca in the erstwhile Bengal Presidency, to a Bengali Muslim family.
Her father Wazir Ali, son of Baiyam Mia, was the first Bengali Muslim SDO.
[2] In 1954, Banu was elected to the East Bengal Legislative Assembly.
After the independence of Bangladesh, she was elected to the first Jatiya Sangsad from women's reserved seat as an Awami League candidate in 1973.
[3] Banu was married to Syed Mahbubur Rahman, a Bangladesh government secretary from Batamara in Bhola.