Reactive aldehyde species

[7] RASP are formed via a variety of processes, including oxidation of alcohols,[8] polyamine metabolism [9] and lipid peroxidation.

[9] Due to the toxicity of RASP, only a small number of genetic mutations in aldehyde dehydrogenases allow for viable offspring, resulting in Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome,[8] Succinic Semi-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency,[10] and other rare diseases.

The two most commonly reported disease-associated pro-inflammatory RASP are malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal,[11] although many others, including acrolein, crotonaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and hexanal, have been described.

[1] The toxicity of RASP include mutagenicity, aggregate formation, and generalized cytotoxicity.

In clinical trials, the RASP inhibitor reproxalap was shown to mitigate inflammation in patients with noninfectious anterior uveitis,[17] dry eye disease[18][19] and allergic conjunctivitis.