She got most recognition in 2019, when she won two singles titles and also recorded her first top-ten win, against Sloane Stephens at the Washington Open.

[1][2] After Larsson's retirement in February 2020, Peterson was left as the only Swede inside the top 100 of the WTA rankings.

Rebecca Peterson was born to a Swedish mother, Annelie, and an Estonian father, Mart, in Stockholm.

[8] In May 2010, she played in the semifinals of Tennis Sweden Junior Cup in singles, whilst in doubles she won title.

[15] Despite the fact that she made her first doubles match on the ITF Women's Circuit in October 2009, she also continued to play in juniors.

[16] Her first singles tournament was in November 2010 at Stockholm where she defeated German player Alina Wessel in the first round but lost to Alison Van Uytvanck in the second.

[18][19] Peterson debuted on the WTA Tour in 2012, where she was handed a wildcard in both singles and doubles at the 2012 Swedish Open.

[20] In 2013, Peterson also was handed a wildcard for the 2013 Swedish Open, in both singles and doubles, but again failed to reach second round in both competitions.

In singles, she lost in round one to Jana Čepelová, but in doubles, together with Johanna Larsson, she won two matches and entered semifinal, in which Andreja Klepač/María Teresa Torró Flor defeated them.

[23][24] At the 2015 Rio Open, she failed to qualify in singles but in doubles she booked her first WTA Tour final and succeeded to win the title.

At the Swedish Open, this time in doubles her ranking allowed her to enter the main draw; however, she lost in the first round.

In 2016, Peterson had unnotable results, often reaching first or second rounds but failed to get into main draw at all four Grand Slam tournaments.

Her first main-draw appearance on WTA Tour came at the Swedish Open where she lost in the first round in singles, but in doubles reached the quarterfinals.

She qualified for the Mexican Open and defeated Alizé Cornet, Monica Puig, Zhang Shuai, before losing to Stefanie Vögele in the semifinal.

At the Western & Southern Open, she qualified for the main draw and beat Kateřina Siniaková but was not good enough for Elise Mertens in the second round.

[38] At the Wuhan Open, she won two qualifying matches, and then in the main draw, she defeated Camila Giorgi but lost to Petra Martić in the following round.

At China Open, she also passed qualifying but was stopped in the first round of the main draw by Simona Halep.

[39] Her last tournament of the year was the Tianjin Open, where she won her second career singles title, defeating Heather Watson in the final.

In the first round of the Hobart International against Fiona Ferro, she wasn't able to continue the match at 4–4, due to back problems.

[46] A few months of inactivity due to the COVID-19 pandemic helped Peterson rest and cure from her back problems, before she played at the Palermo Ladies Open, the first WTA tournament after tennis returned in August 2020.

[citation needed] Peterson started her 2022 season at the first edition of the Melbourne Summer Set 2 where she lost in the second round to qualifier and eventual finalist, Aliaksandra Sasnovich.

[55] Getting past qualifying at the Adelaide International 2, she defeated top seed Aryna Sabalenka in the first round in three sets.

[citation needed] Partnering Misaki Doi, Peterson won the doubles title at the WTA 125 Swedish Open.

[72] Peterson made it through to the quarterfinals at the Chicago Challenger in August with wins over Diane Parry[73] and Kaia Kanepi.

The team was host, playing against the Thailand in a play-off in order to remain in World Group II in 2015.

Peterson first match happened in doubles, together with Hilda Melander, and they succeeded in winning against Tamarine Tanasugarn/Varatchaya Wongteanchai.

[77] So Swedish team was forced to play in the Play-off, in order to stay in World Group II in 2016.

[78] In August 2019, after Wimbledon Championships, Peterson started a collaboration with Swedish star coach Thomas Högstedt, who previously trained, among others, Maria Sharapova.

Speaking about her game, Hogstedt says: "She has an incredibly good forehand, plays a bit like a men's player with quite a lot of topspin...

Her dad, Mart Peterson, who has also been her coach for most of her career, says: "Hogstedt has helped my daughter a lot and made her tougher.