In 1912, the Republicans merged with the pro-Native Hawaiian Home Rule Party (which had been formed in 1900, following the organization of the Hawaii Territory with the Organic Act, and led by Prince Kuhio and Robert Wilcox) to form the Hawaii Republican Party in its modern composition.
The fused Republican Party would lead the so-called "Haole-Hawaiian Alliance," with uninterrupted Legislative majorities until Democrats took control of the Legislature in 1954.
In 1820 the first Protestant missionaries arrived in Hawaii, sent a year earlier by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
[3] Led by Hiram Bingham, the board organized missionaries in 1819 to travel to Hawaii aboard the Thaddeus.
[8] According to "The Friend" (Honolulu publication) from the turn of the twentieth century, there were 91 sons and 73 daughters of missionaries with 101 grandsons and 73 granddaughters living in Hawaii.
[9] The missionary party was heavily involved in land and labor issues but were not able to gain control over government foreign affairs.
Cooke came to Hawaii from Danbury, Connecticut in 1837 and ran the Royal School to educate the future rulers of the islands.
In his book "Overthrow", author and journalist Stephen Kinzer states; "Buying it was complicated since Native Hawaiians had little notion of private property or cash exchange.
[11] In 1875, the Reciprocity Treaty with the U.S. was forced through and removed all tariffs from cane sugar from Hawaii and contained a provision allowing the U.S. exclusive rights to maintain military bases in the islands.
Protests by Native Hawaiians erupted immediately, taking eight days and 220 armed soldiers to put down.