It opened on 31 October 1961, under the administration of the Republic of China Ministry of National Defense Department of History and Translation Office.

The Museum encompassed 3 floors, and served to preserve and present the heritage and history of the ROC military to the general public.

[1] In 1999, Chang Fu-chen, a Taiwanese schoolgirl, was raped and murdered at the Armed Forces Museum.

Taipei Police found the girl's body dumped in a suburban Taipei park following the confession of Kuo Ching-ho, a military guard at the museum who was serving his compulsory two-year military service.

[4][5] The museum was accessible within walking distance South from Ximen Station of the Taipei Metro.