Reuven Barkat (Hebrew: ראובן ברקת; 25 October 1906 – 5 April 1972) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Alignment and the Labor Party from 1965 until his death in 1972.

Born Reuven Borstein in Tauragė in the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire (today in Lithuania), Barkat was educated in a heder and yeshiva, before attending the Jewish Gymnasium of Lithuania.

From 1928 until 1933 he worked as secretary of HaMerkaz HaHakla'i's settlement department, before becoming director of the Department of Public Contacts, which organised the transfer of Jewish property from Nazi Germany to Palestine, a post he held until 1938.

Between 1940 and 1946 he served as general secretary of the National Committee for the Jewish Soldier, before joining the Histadrut's political department.

In 1965 he was elected to the Knesset on the Alignment list (an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda).