Ringer's solution

Ringer's solution typically contains NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and NaHCO3, sometimes with other minerals such as MgCl2, dissolved in distilled water.

[1][2] Ringer's solution is frequently administered to human and veterinary patients for intravenous or subcutaneous hydration and to expand the vascular compartment in hypovolemia.

Ringers solution may also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as arthroscopic lavage in the case of septic arthritis.

[7][8] It is used clinically as an intravenous infusion for replacing extracellular fluid losses and restoring chemical balances when treating isotonic dehydration.

[9] Ringer's solution is named after Sydney Ringer, who in 1882–1885 determined that a solution perfusing a frog's heart must contain sodium, potassium and calcium salts in a definite proportion if the heart is to be kept beating for long.