[4] He holds a BA from Dartmouth, an MTS from Harvard Divinity School, and a PhD from the Princeton Theological Seminary.

Gagnon has been described by theologian James V. Brownson as "the foremost traditionalist interpreter" on this topic,[5] and has published several books and articles about the subject.

[6] Gagnon's use of arguments based on "natural law" were targeted by liberal theologians like Jack Bartlett Rogers, who alleged Gagnon employed a "nonbiblical standard" in which "all people who are homosexual have willfully chosen that behavior and therefore can successfully change their sexual identity,".

Via, professor emeritus of New Testament at Duke Divinity School, presents an opposing view.

[9][10] In his paper Why the 'Weak' at Rome Cannot Be Non-Christian Jews, Gagnon disputes work by Mark D. Nanos,[11][12] who argues that Paul the Apostle was a Torah-observant follower of Judaism.