Robert Emory Pattison (December 8, 1850 – August 1, 1904) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 19th governor of Pennsylvania from 1883 to 1887 and 1891 to 1895.

A key to Pattison's success was his close relationship with the Democratic leader of Philadelphia, attorney Lewis Cassidy.

He did constant battle with machine interests, and in his second term enacted legislation providing for a secret ballot for voters in all elections.

The New York Times obituary of Pattison credited the stress of his final gubernatorial campaign against Samuel W. Pennypacker with leading to his death.

In the late 1970s, an award to a graduating senior at Central High School of Philadelphia was established in his honor.