Robert Hamilton Bishop (July 26, 1777 – April 29, 1855) was a Scottish-American educator and Presbyterian minister who became the first president of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.

From the University of Edinburgh, Bishop went to the Divinity Hall at Selkirk, and was licensed to preach by the Associate Burgher Presbytery of Perth in 1802.

While serving as minister at Ebenezer, he was offered a professorship in history at Transylvania University in Lexington, which he accepted.

Bishop was selected as the first President of Miami University, founded in Oxford, Ohio, which opened for classes in 1824.

Two of Bishop's most famous students were Jefferson Davis at Transylvania and Benjamin Harrison at Farmer's College.

He recruited for the Miami faculty, William Holmes McGuffey and John Witherspoon Scott, father-in-law of Benjamin Harrison.