Robert Schilling (17 April 1913 – 30 October 2004) was a 20th-century French historian and Latinist, a specialist in the history of religion in ancient Rome.
Official representative of the National Museums in 1941, appointed professor in the high school of Moulins (Allier) in 1942, he soon after became assistant and lecturer of Latin at the Sorbonne where he was elected maître de conférence in 1945, and some time later professor of Latin language and civilization at the University of Strasbourg.
Since 1957, he also was director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études, Vth section, for a teaching about religions of Rome.
In the last part of his life, he held the title of emeritus professor of the university of Strasbourg.
He was doctor honoris causa of the University of Freiburg, chevalier of the Légion d'honneur, officier of the Ordre des Palmes académiques, holder of the croix de guerre 1939-1945, commandeur of the ordre national du Lion du Sénégal [fr] and in 1982, one of the laureates of the Prix Broquette-Gonin awarded by the Académie française for his work La Religion romaine de Vénus.