Robert Wilson Shufeldt Jr. (December 1, 1850 – January 21, 1934) was an American osteologist, myologist, museologist and ethnographer who contributed to comparative studies of bird anatomy and forensic science.

[1] He hated black people, strongly approved of the Ku Klux Klan, and was a proponent of white supremacy.

[2][3][4] A scandal and subsequent divorce from his second wife, the granddaughter of the famous ornithologist John James Audubon, led to a landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of the United States of America on the subject of alimony and bankruptcy.

After a school education in the United States and Havana, he joined as a Captain's clerk on the US Gunboat USS Proteus which was under the command of his father.

[7] He published as many as 1,100 notes and books, often on natural history but specializing in anatomy and systematics of birds which included a study of the last passenger pigeon.

[11] He published a report on taxidermy[12][13] and a book Studies of the human form for artists, sculptors and scientists (1908) which included many nude photographs.

[4][14] Shufeldt brought the work of Gerhard Heilmann, written in Danish, to the attention of American researchers.

Around this time he published a pamphlet titled On Female Impotency[16] which included a photograph of a nude woman who he described as a mulatto but likely Ms. Audubon.