From 1872 to 1877, he was enrolled at the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart (German: Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden Künste Stuttgart), then spent two years at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, where he studied with Carl von Häberlin, Bernhard von Neher and Otto Seitz.
While there, he was a close associate of Karl Stauffer-Bern and Ludwig von Herterich.
His first major exhibitions came after 1883, including one at the Glaspalast, but his chief occupation was book illustrating.
Around 1912 a dispute began between the Avant-garde faction led by Adolf Hölzel and the Traditionalists, with whom Haug sided.
He was replaced as Director by Hölzel, who resigned three years later when the school rejected Paul Klee for a teaching post.